Compressor



Jan. 5- 1523,98

- M. v. ARNOLD COMPRESSOR Original Filed Dec. 11F 1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Jan. l

M. V. ARNOLD cournassoa 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Original Fil ed Dec, 11, 1922 mama Jin. 13,1925. MVv; ARNOLD COMPRESSOR 5 Sheets-Sheet 4,

Original Filed Dec. 11, 1922 V NT R Y /7er-Wpl/ 5 ;}5/

Jan. 13, 1925. 1,523,098

M. V. ARNOLD COMPRESSOR Original Filed Dec. 11, 1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 AAAAAAAA 'VH'Y'YY INVEN TOR.

A TORNEYS.

MERVIN V. ARNOLD, 0F

EVANSVILLE, INDIANA.

COMPRESSOR.

Application filed December 11, 1922, Serial No. 606,128. Renewed October 27, 1924. v

T 0 all whom it nu y concern:

Be it known that I, MERVIN V. ARNOLD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Evansville, in the county of Vanderburg and the State of Indiana, have invented ccrtain new and useful Improvements in Compressors, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, such as will enable any one skilled in the art to make and use the same. i

My invention relates to refrigerating machines, particularly machines designed for the use of small consumers. as for example, in households, but it is distinctly understood that the novel features herein describedare by no means limited to that type or size of machines. The chief object of my invention is to provide a machine which is vmore efiicient and which produces a greater refrigerating effect with a lower cost of construction and at a less expenditure of power for operation than those now in use.

A further object is toprovide a more simple, compact device and yet which will still be effective in, itsoperationto accomplish the purposes desired.

A. third object of my invention is to provide an cllicient arrangement of parts which can be economically constructed and not. easily get out of repair, but which can be readily operated.

A fourth object is to provide a refrigerating machine which will be portable and self contained and which may be if desired removed from one location to another.-

A fifth object is to provide an efiicient type of cooling means more especially in con nection with anonfreezable and substantially nonevaporating fluid to cool the flooded condensing chamber of the machine, and thus allow continual use of the samecooling fluid.

A sixth object is to provide a. refrigerating machine with a compressor to circulate the refrigerant by drawing the same into the crank case under vacuum and through ports into the cylinder where it is com pressed and discharged into the cooled condensing chamber.

A seventh object is toprovide an ellicient power transmission by means of a walking beam which transforms the power and applies the same through an up and down movement of a connecting rod to the compressor piston, thus mimini'zing lateral pressure on the cylinder walls.

An eighth object is to provide a nonleakable substitute for the old time stalling box 1 by use of a bellows attached to the compressor crank case and to the walking beam member over the fulcrum point.

A ninth object is to provide a quick, exact and easyadjust'ment of the clearance between piston aud cylinder head by means of an adjustable bracket member that supports the main driving gear which operates the power end of the walking beam.

A tenth object is to provide an effective, noiseless and durable exhaust valve at the top of the cylinder head which requires neither springs nor cages, nor grinding, nor adjustment.

An eleventh object is to provide an automatic expansion'valve so located that it requires no care or attention and no-equal izing-pipcs to equalize the different specific gravities of the refrigerant in vapor and liquid forms, said expansion valve being provided to regulate the supply of refrigerant to the expansion coils as required by the changes of temperature effecting the same.

The further objects of my invention and the method of carrying outthe objects hereinbefore stated, will be fully set out in the drawings, specifications and claims. In general, the machine operates on the usual principle; that is, aliquefied gas or suflicieutly volatile liquid is allowed to expand through a fine orifice into a closed expansion coil-and is vaporized and thereby reduced to a low temperature, absorbing the neces sary heat from the chamber by which it is surrounded. From this coil the gas is exhausted into a partial vacuum in the base of a compressor passing thence through partsinto the compressor cylinder-by which it is compressed. The compressed gas or vapor necessarily at a high temperature, Is then passed into a cooling chamber where the heat is absorbed by a cooling coil therein and the gas condensed to a liquid. From this chamber the liquid passes through the orifice and again starts on its cycle of operation.

I accomplish this refrigerating cycle by operation of the mechanism illustrated in the attached drawings and hereinafter more fully described.

The drawings which are for illustrative purposes only, show a small machine adapted to be set on a household refrlgerator with the connection from the machine to the interior of the refrigerator.

In these drawings: Fig. 1, is a front elevation of the machine shown in place on the top of an ordinary household refrigerator, a portion of which refrigerator is broken away to show theexpansion chamber or coil therein.

Fig. 2, is an enlarged view of the expansion valve and the float mechanism controlling the same.

Fig. 3, is a sectional elevation taken through the center of the compressor cylinder and the cooling chamber on the line III-III of'Figs. 6 and 7.

Figs. 4 and 5 are respectively a plan view and enlarged section on the line VV showing more clearly the detail of the exhaust valve forthe head of the compressor cylinder.

Fig. 6, is an end or side elevation of the machine showing more specifically the relation of the radiator and cooling fan and the pipe connections of the condenser coil to the radiator.

Fig. 7, is a plan view of the radiator and operating motor, with the compressor shown in section on the line VII-VII of Fig. 3.

Fig. 8, is a perspective view of a freezing tray adapted for use within an ordinary family refrigerator.

Fig. 9, is a diagrammatic view showing the cycle of o eration and also showing diagrammatical y the various mechanisms involved, with approximate pressures and temperatures.

Fig. 10, is a side view of one form of expansion coil adapted for use in connection with my machine.

Referring now to the drawings in which. the various parts are indicated by the same numerals in all the views, 4

1, is an ordinary household refrigerator having the front partially broken away to show the refrigerating expansion coil 2 therein. 3, represents a metal base which "supports and secures together the entire mechanism, while 4 is a felt pad under the base 3 which absorbs vibration of the moving parts when operating in a fixed position. 5 represents bolts or screws which secure the base and supported parts to the object on which the same is placed.

Formed on the base member 3 are lugs 6 which secure and support the power motor, 7. On one end of the drive shaft 8 of the motor 7 is fastened a noiseless rawhide or bakelite and linen pinion 9 which is inserted through an opening 10 in the side of the transmission case housing 11. Above the said opening 10 is secured a. split cover plate 12 which closes about the drive shaft and prevents oil and grease from escaping from the transmission case through the opening 10. A hole 13 in the housing 11, relieves the by bolts 50.

oil pressure. The transmission case housing 11 is secured to the base 3 by bolts 14 and to the air tight compressor base 15 and 16. This compressor'base 15 is also secured to the base 3 by bolts 17.

Mounted on the base 3 inside the transmission case is a bracket 18 with a recessed flange set over a projection 19 formed on the said base 3 and held by bolts 20. By loosening these bolts this bracket may be moved away from or toward the compressor base and the walking beam 27 be varied in effective length to regulate the clearance of the piston 42 in the cylinder 39. Fastened through the bracket 18 is a stud bolt 21 carrying a bushing 22 which forms a bearing on which rotates a gear 23 which meshes with the pinion 9.

Eccentrically located in the gear 23, to

serve as a cam member is a fixed stud 24 with a'bushing 25 which slides in a slot or fork 26 formed in one end of a walking beam 27.

The opposite end 28 of the walking beam 27 9 extends through an opening 29 into the compressor base 15. The two ends 27 and 28 of this walking beam being secured to her b bolts 30. A bellows member 31 with hea s 32, and 33 is fastened to the compressor base by bolts 34 and to the walking beam b bolts 30. The walking beam is journalle on a fulcrum .35. which in turn is supported by brackets 36 extending from the compressor base 15. The compremor. base is kept in true alinement with the gear bracket 18 by a recessed slot 37 in the bottom of the base which fits over a projection 38 on the base 3 and is in alignment with the projection 19.

Mounted on the compressor base 15-is the compressor cylinder 39 secured in place by bolts 40. In the walls of this cylinder are ports 41 forming passages from the base to the cylinder. Inside the cylinder is a piston 42 with piston rings 43 and an oil groove 44. A. pin 45 inside the piston journals the connecting rod 46, the opposite end of which rod is journallcd on a pin 47 carried by the walking beam 28.

Secured to the top of the cylinder 39 is a head 48 secured by bolts 50. .49 isa port hole through this head. A spring flap valve 51 covers port 49 and is held in place by a cover plate 52, both being secured in place Formed as a part of the com ressor base 15 but separated by a partition wall is a liquid storage chamber 53. Mounted chamber Ma acca 59, 59* to a storage radiator 60 "which contains a nonfreezable coolin fluid- This radiator is held on the base 3 y bolts 61 which secure supporting brackets 62.

A fan shaft 63 is journalled in a bracket 64 fastened to the base. This shaft carries a fan 65 and is rotated by means of the pulley 66, a belt 67 from the pulley 68 on the motor shaft '8 furnishing the operating means.

A guard 69 encloses the fan. In the liquid storage chamber 53 there is located an expansion valve assembly comprising parts as follows: 70 is a circular plate secured over a pipe opening 71 in the bottom of the stora e 53 and havin a tapering or nee e valve seat 72 formed t erein through which the liquid refrigerant passes. Mounted on the plate 70' are brackets 73 which support a circular top plate 74 corresponding in size to the plate 70 and carrying two bearing lugs75. A hole 76 is located in the center of the top plate 74 in direct ali cut with the valve seat 72, through which hole 76, a valve stem 77, having a tapering valve corresponding to the valve seat 72, is slidably operated to close and open the valve 72, This valve stem 77 is raised and lowered by means of a lever arm 7 8 to which it is secured by a loose pin bearing. The end of the lever 78 nearest to the valve stem 77 is loosely journalled on a pin 7 7 carried by the bearing lu 75,.and a ball float 79 is attached to t e opposite end thereof and floats on the liquid in the storage chamber. A stop lug 80limits the movement of the arm 78 and prevents the valve stem 77 from being entirely disengaged from the valve opening 72. A screen 81 of fine mesh surrounds the space between members 70 and 7 4 to filter the liquid; gas passing into ex pansion valve 72.

Connected to the liquid storage chamber 53 and directly underthe valve 72 is one end of an expansion pipe coil 82 which enters and is shown enclosed by the ice chamber 1 of the domestic refrigerator. The said pipe 82 enters the top of the ice chamber 1 and is coiled therein downward as far as may be desired.

' The opposite end of the coil leaves 'the top of the chamber'and enters the com-- pi'essorbase at the point 84. 83 are union fittings for coupling the coils after insertion through holes 85 in the ice box. 86 is a charging in valve on the vacuum side of the coil pipe line. Valves 86 may be located between these fittings and the expansion valve and compressor base to retain the refrigerant in the machine before the expansion co1ls 82 are connected to the same. The

' pipe 82 is preferably coiled to form shelves on which may be inserted trays 89 with removable subdivisions 90, which trays are for the purpose of freezing any substance without departing from the placed therein while the machine is run ning. Current is brought in from a suitable source on wires 91 through fuses 92 having the required resistance to the switch 93and from this switch wires 94 connect with the motor 7. 95 is a pilot lamp wired in the circuits to indicate when the machine is in operation. This system of wiring may be used with either an automatic control feature or semi-automatically by the use of a switch to turn on'or oii the current.

In the operation of the device, the motor shaft 8 rotates the pinion 9 which engages the larger gear 23 and thereby reduces the speed of the device. The end 27 of the walking beam is oscillated upward and downward by means of the pin 24 on the said gear 23. This motion is transmitted through the opposite end 28 of the walking beam and the connecting rod 46, to the piston 42. Being operated over a fulcrum point this motion through the leverage ob.- tained thereby reduces the power required to operate the devices incloses the fulcrum bearing and retains the refrigerant in the compressor base 15 and prevents the lubricant from entering same from the transmission case. This bellows arrangement replaces the old time stufiing box and thus reduces the power required to operate a shaft in a tight'stufiing box and absolutely eliminates leakage and eventual loss of the refrigerating gas.

It is obvious that some changes or modifications may be made in the device within the scope defined by the appended claims true intent and meaning of the invention.

Having now fully described my inven tion, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In a compressor, a walking beam having a longitudinal slot formed in one end and a pin in the opposite end thereof, a fulcrum for said beam, a cylinder mounted over the pin end of the said beam, a piston in said 0 linder, a connecting rod from the said wal 'ng beam pin to the said piston, a crank pin engaging the slotted end of the said beam, means for driving said pin 1 and means for shifting the said crank Pill longitudinally to vary the stroke and clear-- ance in the said cylinder.

, 2. In a compressor, a pinion driving means therefor, a gear meshing with said pinion, a compressor base, brackets extending from the said compressor base, crum pin carried by the said brackets, a walking beam fulcrumed on the said pin, a longitudinal slot formed in one end of the said beam, an eccentrically located pin projecting from one side of the said gear into the slot in the said walking beam, a cylinder mounted on the said compressor base, a piston in the \said cylinder and a connecting rod from the said walking beam to the/said piston.

3. In acompressor, a pinion, driving means therefor, a gear below the said pinion meshing therewith, means for supporting and adjusting the said gear longitudinally with relation to said pinion and longitudinally with relation to a walking beam, acompressor base, a fulcrum pin, means for supporting said pin, a longitudinally disposed walking beam fulcrumed .On the said pin, a longitudinal slot formed in one end of the said beam, an eccentric-ally located pin projecting from one side of the said gear into the slot in the said walking beam, a cylinder mounted on the said compressor base, a piston in the said cylinder and a connecting rod from the said walking beam to the said piston.

sion housing, a pinion and gear meshing 'enclosed in the said housing, a compressor base, brackets extending from the said compressor base, a fulcrum pin carried by the said brackets, a walking beam fulerun'ied on the said pin, a longitudinalslot formed in one end of the said beam, an eccentrically located pin projecting from one side of the said gear into the slot in the said walking beam, a cylinder mounted on the said con pressor base, a piston inthe said cylinder, a connecting rod from the said walking beam to the said piston, and means for driving said pinion.

5. In a compressor, the combination with /a on the said base plate and a transmission housing, a longitudinally adjustable bracket mounted on the said plate, a bearing pin rigidly attached to and extending out-ward from the said bracket, 2. gear rotatably mounted on the said bearing pin, a motor on the said base plate, a pinion on the rotor shaft of the said motor meshing with the top of the said gear, a bracket extending laterally from the said compressor base, a pin mounted in the said bracket,'a walking beam fulcrumed on the said pin, one

end ofthe said walking beam having a lon itudinal slot formed therein, apin carr-ie by the opposite end of the said walking beam, an eccentrically disposed pin extending fromone face of the said gearinto and engaging with the slot in the said'walking beam, a compressor cylinder mounted on the top of the said compressor base, a piston in the said cylinder, a bearing pin in the said piston, a connecting rod from said.

piston. pin to the said walking beam pin.

6. Ina compressor, a'walking beam hav ing a longitudinal slot formed'in one end and a pin 'in the opposite end thereof, a

fulcrum for said. beam, a, bellows enclosing said 'fulerum, a cylinder mounted over the pin end of the said,;beam, a piston in said 4. In a compressor, a power transmis-' base plate, of a compressor base mounted" carried by the said brackets, a bellows enclosing the said brackets and fulcrum pin, a walking beam fulcrumed on the said pin, a longitudinal slot formed in one end of the said beam, an eccentrically located pin projecting from one side of the said gear into the slot in the said walking beam, a

cylinder mounted on the said compressor base, a piston in the said cylinder and a connecting rod from the said walking beam to the said piston.

8. In a compressor, a pinion, driving means therefor, a gear below the said pinion meshing therewith, means for supporting and adjusting the said gear longitudinal- 1y with relation to said pinion and longitudinally with relation to awalking beam,

a compressor base, a fulcrum pin, means for supporting and enclosing said pin, a longitudinally disposed walking beam fulcrumed on the said pin, a longitudinal slot formed in one end of the said beam, an eccentrically located pin projecting from one side of the said gear into the slot the said walking beam, a cylinder mounted on the said com pressor base, a piston in the said cylinder and a connecting rod from the said walking beam to the said piston.

9. In a compressor, a power transmission housing, a pinion and ear meshing, enclosed in the said housing, a compressor base, brackets extending from the said compressor base, a fulcrum'pin carried by the stud brackets, a bellows sleeve enclosing said brackets and fulcrum pin, a walking beam fulcrumed on the said pin, a lon itudinal slot formed in one end of the said cam, an eccentrically located pin projecting from one side of the said gearinto the slot in the said walking beam, a cylindermounted on the,

said compressor base, a piston in the said cyhnder, a connecting rod from the said walking beam to the said piston, and means.

I said base plate, and held in alignment by the said aligning means a bearing pin rigidly attached to and extehding outward from i the said bracket, a gear rotably mounted on --the said bearing pin, means for rotating the said gear, a fulcrum carried by the-said compressor base, a walking beam fulcrumed thereon, one end of the said walkingbeam having a longitudinal slot formed therein, an eccentrically disposed pin extending from the face of the said gear into and engaging with the slot in the said walking beam, a compressor cylinder mounted on the top of the said compressor base, a piston in the said cylinder, and means connecting the said piston and the said walking beam.

11. In a compressor the combination with a base plate having longitudinal aligning means thereon, of a compressor base mounted on the said base plate and held in alignment by said aligning means, means attaching the said transmission housing to the said base,

a bracket adjustably mounted on the said base plate, and held in alignment by the said aligning means, a bearing pin rigidly attached to and extending outward from the said bracket, a gear rotatably mounted on the said bearing pin, means for rotating the said gear, a fulcrum carried by the said compressor base, a walking beamfulcrumed the'reon, one end of the said walkin beam having a longitudinal slot formed t erein, an eccentrically disposed pin extending from the face of the said gear into and engaging with the slot in the said walking beam, a compressor cylinder mounted on the top of the said compressor base, a piston in the said cylinder, means connecting the said piston and the said walking beam, and a housing enclosing said gear and walking beam.

12. In a compressor, the combination with a base plate having longitudinal aligning means thereon, of a compressor base mounted on the said base plate and held in alignment by said aligning means, means attaching the said transmission housing to the said base, a bracket adjustably mounted on the said base plate, and held in alignment by the said aligning means, driving means rotatably mounted in the said bracket, a fulcrum carried by the said com ressor base, a walking beam fulcrumed t ereon, one end of the said walking beam having a longitudinal slot formed therein, an eecentrically disposed pin extending from the face of the said driving means into and engaging with the slot in the said walking beam, a compressor cylinder mounted on the top of the said compressor base, a piston in the said cylinder, and means connecting the said piston and the said walking beam.

13. Ina compressor, thecombination with a base plate havinglongitudinal aligning means thereon, of a compressor base mounted on the said base plate and held in align ment by the said aligning means, means attaching the said transmission housing to the said base, a bearing adjustably mounted on the said base plate, and held in alignment by the said aligning means, a gear rotably mounted on the said bracket, means for rotating the said gear, a fulcrum carried by the said compressor base, av walking beam fulcrumed thereon, one end of the said walking beam having a longitudinal slot formed therein, an eccentrically disposed pin extending from the face of theijaid gear into and engaging with the slot the said walking beam, a compressor cylinder mounted on the top of the said compressor base, a piston in the said cylinder, and means connecting the said piston and the said walking beam.

14:. In a compressor for vaporous gases, an enclosed base, a compressor cylinder mounted thereon, a piston mounted therein, a walking beam, means connecting said beam and said piston, means operatin said walking beam, a fulcrum for said cam, and a bellows acting as a closure for said base attached to said base and to said walk- *ing beam near said fulcrum, a vapor inlet into said base, passages in the cylin er walls leadin from the said base to the sand cylinder w ereby vapor must pass through the "said base and be subjected to the heat there of before passing into the said cylinder, and an exhaust port leading from the said cylinder. 0

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my name.

MERVIN V. ARNOLD. Witnesses:

HARRY E. Bonn, Mmron L. ALLEN. 

